CLOUDs, because of their significant effects on energy balance on the ground surface and in the atmosphere, has always been considered by different meteorologists and climatologists. The ability of remote sensing in the assessment of CLOUD characteristics has been proven by in the study of their changes in different locations and times. One of the important aspects of the study regarding the CLOUDs, is to determine the PRESSURE at their TOP, which the aim of the current study is to present a fast method for its determine by using MODIS images.Therefore, by using Radiosonde data in Mehrabad and Kermanshah stations, the atmospheric temperature profile was extracted. Then using a five stages technique, the pixels of the considered image were grouped into 4 different categories including CLOUDy, possibly CLOUDy, possibly non- CLOUD and non- CLOUDy. Then by using LSE model on channels 31 and 32 of MODIS, the emissivity of CLOUD in CLOUDy pixels was determined.Then by using this temperature and the temperature profile extracted from Radiosonde data, the PRESSURE at the TOP of the CLOUDs were extracted. To review the accuracy of the obtained results, the results obtained from Fast CTP method with those of standard CTP method were compared. Based on this comparison, it is found that the presented method for the CLOUDs with optical depth of more than 10 is optimal and the results obtained from CTP model, shows a very small difference. But the difference regarding the thin CLOUDs with low optical depth (lower than 10) is considerably great in comparing with the CLOUDs of high optical depth.

CLOUD computing is an emerging concept of information technology that in many countries has an influence on many companies. The research was conducted to evaluate CLOUD computing adoption in Saudi Arabia; Benefits and hindrances for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The qualitative research approach is performed by interviews with the management of a variety of SMEs active in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry. This paper illustrates a significant positive correlation between the use of CLOUD computing and organizational quality performances. The paper concluded that the knowledge level of SMEs on the accessibility of CLOUD services is below average scale. The greatest challenges about the CLOUD service are privacy and security in the CLOUD among providers and users for the Saudi Arabian firms.

In this study, to numerically investigate the consequence of bubble collision on the PRESSURE distribution due to cavitation collapse, the bubble behavior around NACA0015 2D hydrofoil has been simulated using the Eulerian-Lagrangian perspective. Macroscopic examination of the cavitation flow was determined by the homogeneous mixture model (Eulerian method) and the bubble motion path based on the applied forces using Newton's second law and the development of numerical code (Lagrange method). Bubble oscillations were obtained from the modified Rayleigh-Plesset-Keller-Herring equation. To study the effect of bubbles colliding (bubble with wall and bubble with the bubble), the model of vertical elastic forces and vertical and tangential viscosities used by Heitkam et al. To pair the obtained results and solve them, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with variable time step has been used, which has increased the data solving speed up to 10 times. From the Keller& Kolodner relationship, a PRESSURE wave emitted from the collapse of a spherical bubble and the model of Soyama et al, the total energy of the cavitation-induced shocks, which is the result of the accumulation of all the shocks on each other, is obtained. The results showed that the effects of increasing the radius by decreasing the cavitation number are the same, when the bubble colliding with the wall is applied and when it is not and by decreasing the cavitation number, the bubble growth rate increases, and by increasing the bubble radius, the erosion intensity increases. The process of bubble growth starts earlier in the case of collision with the wall than in the case in which the collision did not occur, therefore, the cavitation number has little effect in this case and is related to the impact effects. The result of the impact of the bubble on the wall and the bubble with the bubble reduces the maximum radius compared to the case where the effect of the impact is not considered and also reduces the amount of erosion. The possible place of erosion is located at the end of the cavitation cavity, and possible damage can be prevented by strengthening this place. The results were compared with other published works and had acceptable accuracy.

Because of the role of climate parameters in climate Change and improve the efficiency of climate and rainfall prediction models, the study of these parameters are very important in the world. The study of CLOUDs have special important, because the CLOUDs make connection between the synoptic patters and surface climate conditions and any change in its properties, can start a chain reaction in other climate parameters. In this study, the linkage between four important CLOUD properties; CLOUD TOP temperature and PRESSURE, CLOUD optical depth and CLOUD water and ice path; and daily precipitation was investigated in Iran. For this purpose, data from synoptic stations and satellite sensor (MODIS) for the entire period (2000 to 2011) was used and the relationship between the CLOUD properties and precipitation was analyzed by means of linear and non-linear regression and multiple regression models. In the first, few layers of CLOUDs and precipitation data were overlapping in the ArcGIS, and the country was divided into 4 zones. These zones are based on the correlation between precipitation and CLOUD properties. The results showed that, CLOUD-TOP temperatures explain 20 to 39 percent of rainfall variability in the zones; this amount was obtained 20 to 37 percent for CLOUD TOP PRESSURE, 21 to 31 for CLOUD water and ice path and 19 to 31 for CLOUD optical depth. The results of multiple regression model showed that, the four CLOUD parameters can explained about 50Cpercent of precipitation variability in zone 3. This amount was obtained about 40 percent in zone 2 and about 30 percent in other zones. The most parts of the precipitation variability in Iran can be explained by the four CLOUD properties, so these properties can be used as reliable inputs for precipitation prediction models.

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is the most promising and effective method of severe plastic deformation thechniqus. In addition, materials with low doctility show severe cracking during ECAP and back PRESSURE has been used in some research to overcome this problem. In this paper finite element has been used for simulation of ECAP with back PRESSURE and the possibility of using ECAP die with inclined upper channel wall instead of back PRESSURE. Results show that inclined up channel wall with 10 mm length and 5 degree inclination needs lower pressing foece and exert 100Mpa PRESSURE on upeer side of sample. Therefore, die with inclination is suitable substitude for ECAP whith back PRESSURE.

Mechanism, spring rains, mainly due to convective processes, the occurrence of rains and other climatic phenomena, such as the phenomenon as cut-off low provides conditions for heavy precipitation events. In this research first heavy rains of spring (rains of 30 mm with the highest total precipitation in the period 1335-1391) studied the city and two of the strongest of them were identified. To analyze these rains, we investigate instability indexes and sea level PRESSURE, 500 hPa, Uwind, Vwind, omega and data of CLOUD height (High CLOUD TOP, Middle CLOUD TOP, Low CLOUD TOP, High CLOUD Bottom, Middle CLOUD Bottom and Low CLOUD Bottom). The result show that main factor of heavy rains in the region is trough of east Mediterranean in the middle troposphere cut-off low phenomenon is well established, Therefore in both cases west instability systems change their ways to lower latitude so that the west systems get high level of humidity from southern warm water and make heavy rains in the region is significant. Also results instability indexes show that there is instability probability, the amount Omega negative and positive vorticity show severe Ascending movement in time is the occurrence of precipitation; but with investigation relation within thickness of CLOUD and heavy rains show thickness of CLOUDs have increased.